PREFACE

ln 1772 discussions about the interaction of shotcrete ond rock were
held between the Swedîsh Rock Mechanics Reseorch Foundotion (BeFo)
represented by 5 B[urström ond the Royal Swedish Fortificotions Administrotion
(FortF) represented by E Abrohomsson, W v Essen, T Hohn
and H Sundquisl.
At the time being BeFo alreody hod put shotcrete on their research
program. The theme rock reinforcement also interested FortF, which
builds a lot of milìtary plants in rock caverns. Therefore it wos natural
to stort a cooperotive proiect on the behoviour ond corrying copociry
of shotcrete linings between BeFo ond FortF through its Reseorch
Department.
Thanks to the absence of bureoucrocy in these two orgonizotions the
project was started very quickly – The Author become employed porttime
by BeFo as a research officer in January l/73, a reference group
was set up ol the some time ond the first lests were mode in the spring
of 1973.
From the beginning the reference group consisïed of E Abrohomsson, T
Hohn, H Sundquist, oll FortF, S G A Bergmon, Consultont, S Biurström,
BeFo ond C Alberts, Stobilotor AB. Loter on B Broms, Royol lnst of
Technology (KTH), and S Sallstrtlm, Swedish Stote Power Boord were
ossocioted io the reference group, When leoving the Boord S Sallstrom
wos reploced by S Jonsson, also ot the Boord.
Lorge-scole shotcrele tesls were performed ot the Test Stotion of FortF,
where on excellent work wos done by the stoff. The most involved in
this proiect were F Adolfsson ond PNilsson.
The tests on concrete-embedded reinforcement bors were performed ot
lhe Reseorch lnst of Nqtionol Defence (FOA) by J Eriksson ond E
.Vernqvist, The test specimens were monufoctured by B Korlström ond
T Woll, both KTH, who olso ossisted ot Ìhe tests ond their evoluotion
The inpul dolo for the finite element colculotions were prepored by
P-O Sundquist, ForlF. M Viklund, FortF, contributed wíth remorks
on the linguistic usoge qnd the reference list.
Through the yeors o lot of voluoble help with typing ond drowing
wos received from P Alm, C Ericson, I Jöderberg, G Lennestedt,
oll FortF ond E Ask, B Ahlgren, both KTH.
l wish to express my deep gratitude to all these persons mentioned
above for their support and participotion in the proiect.
l also wish to express my thanks to K Lindgren, KTH. Without being
associated with the project he has olwoys been willing to discuss
equipment problems and reloted questions.
This project has given me a lot more friends than those mentioned
above, and I wish to thank them all for what they hove tought me
about shotcrete and tunnelling works.
Finally I wish to thank my teacher, Professor H Nylonder, KTH,
for his kind support ond for whot he hos tought me during the years
within the field of building stotics.
Stockholm, Morch 1979
Jonas Holmgren